Abstract
Background: Resistance of uropathogens to conventional antibiotics is increasing, thus creating the need to search for newer and effective antimicrobial agents to treat urinary tract infections (UTI).
Methods: The susceptibility pattern of twenty clinical isolates of uropathogenic bacteria to standard antibiotics and extracts of Dalbergia latifolia was investigated using Agar Disc and Agar Well Diffusion methods, respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the extracts were determined by Agar Dilution method on some of the uropathogens.
Results: All the test pathogens were resistant to Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole and Augmentin. The isolates had 25 % (4), 12.5% (2), 18.75% (3), 68.75% (11) susceptibility to Nitrofurantoin, Gentamicin, Nalidixic acid and Ofloxacin respectively while 87.5% showed resistant to Tetracycline. The E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains had the highest susceptibility to Ofloxacin while P. mirabilis 4 was susceptible to Ofloxacin. The uropathogenic S. aureus was highly resistant to the antibiotics, however S. aureus 3 and S. aureus 4 were susceptible to gentamicin while S. aureus 1 and S. aureus 5 were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Gentamicin and chloramphenicol were the most active on S. aureus. The extracts showed good activity on most of the uropathogens in which 81.81 % (18),
9.0% (2) and 63.63% (14) of the test pathogens were susceptible to the leaf, stem and root (successively) of D. latifolia. The MIC values of extracts on test organisms ranged from 0.063 to 2.0 mg/mL.
Conclusion: The results revealed varied patterns of susceptibility of the uropathogens to conventional antibiotics, necessitating rational use of antibiotic in routine treatment of UTI to prevent development of resistance. Further, activity of D. latifolia extracts on the uropathogens justified its folkloric use and underlined the potentials of the plant to furnish antimicrobial agents for the treatment of UTIs, including those resistant to conventional antibiotics.
Keywords: Uropathogens, antibiotics, resistance, Dalbergia latifolia extracts, MICs
Résumé
Contexte: La résistance des uropathogènes aux antibiotiques conventionnels augmente, créant ainsi le besoin de rechercher des agents antimicrobiens plus récents et efficaces pour traiter les infections des voies urinaires (IVU).
Méthodes: Le profil de sensibilité de vingt isolats cliniques de bactéries uropathogènes aux antibiotiques standard et aux extraits de Dalbergia latifolia a été étudié en utilisant les méthodes Agar Disc et Agar Well Diffusion, respectivement. Les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) des extraits ont été déterminées par la méthode de dilution d’agar sur certains des uropathogènes.
Résultats: Tous les pathogènes testés étaient résistants à l’amoxicilline, au cotrimoxazole et à l’augmentation. Les isolats présentaient respectivement une sensibilité de 25% (4), 12,5% (2), 18,75% (3), 68,75% (11) à la nitrofurantoïne, à la gentamicine, à l’acide nalidixique et à l’ofloxacine, tandis que 87,5% étaient résistants à la tétracycline. Les souches d’E. Coli et de K. pneumoniae étaient les plus sensibles à l’ofloxacine, tandis que P. mirabilis 4 était sensible à l’ofloxacine. Le S. aureus uropathogène était très résistant aux antibiotiques, cependant S. aureus 3 et S. aureus 4 étaient sensibles à la gentamicine tandis que S. aureus 1 et S. aureus 5 étaient sensibles au chloramphénicol. La gentamicine et le chloramphénicol étaient les plus actifs sur S. aureus. Les extraits ont montré une bonne activité sur la plupart des uropathogènes dans lesquels 81,81% (18), 9,0% (2) et 63,63% (14) des pathogènes testés étaient sensibles aux feuilles, aux tiges et aux racines (successivement) de D. latifolia. Les valeurs de CMI des extraits sur les organismes d’essai variaient de 0,063 à 2,0 mg / mL.
Conclusion: Les résultats ont révélé des schémas variés de sensibilité des uropathogènes aux antibiotiques conventionnels, nécessitant l’utilisation rationnelle de l’antibiotique dans le traitement de routine des infections urinaires pour empêcher le Summary
Background: Resistance of uropathogens to conventional antibiotics is increasing, thus creating the need to search for newer and effective antimicrobial agents to treat urinary tract infections (UTI). Methods: The susceptibility pattern of twenty clinical isolates of uropathogenic bacteria to standard antibiotics and extracts of Dalbergia latifolia was investigated using Agar Disc and Agar Well Diffusion methods, respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the extracts were determined by Agar Dilution method on some of the uropathogens.
Results: All the test pathogens were resistant to Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole and Augmentin. The isolates had 25 % (4), 12.5% (2), 18.75% (3), 68.75% (11) susceptibility to Nitrofurantoin, Gentamicin, Nalidixic acid and Ofloxacin respectively while 87.5% showed resistant to Tetracycline. The E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains had the highest susceptibility to Ofloxacin while P. mirabilis 4 was susceptible to Ofloxacin. The uropathogenic S. aureus was highly resistant to the antibiotics, however S. aureus 3 and S. aureus 4 were susceptible to gentamicin while S. aureus 1 and S. aureus 5 were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Gentamicin and chloramphenicol were the most active on S. aureus. The extracts showed good activity on most of the uropathogens in which 81.81 % (18), 9.0% (2) and 63.63% (14) of the test pathogens were susceptible to the leaf, stem and root (successively) of D. latifolia. The MIC values of extracts on test organisms ranged from 0.063 to 2.0 mg/mL.
Conclusion: The results revealed varied patterns of susceptibility of the uropathogens to conventional antibiotics, necessitating rational use of antibiotic in routine treatment of UTI to prevent development of resistance. Further, activity of D. latifolia extracts on the uropathogens justified its folkloric use and underlined the potentials of the plant to furnish antimicrobial agents for the treatment of UTIs, including those resistant to conventional antibiotics.
Keywords: Uropathogens, antibiotics, resistance, Dalbergia latifolia extracts, MICs
Résumé
Contexte: La résistance des uropathogènes aux antibiotiques conventionnels augmente, créant ainsi le besoin de rechercher des agents antimicrobiens plus récents et efficaces pour traiter les infections des voies urinaires (IVU).
Méthodes: Le profil de sensibilité de vingt isolats cliniques de bactéries uropathogènes aux antibiotiques standard et aux extraits de Dalbergia latifolia a été étudié en utilisant les méthodes Agar Disc et Agar Well Diffusion, respectivement. Les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) des extraits ont été déterminées par la méthode de dilution d’agar sur certains des uropathogènes.
Résultats: Tous les pathogènes testés étaient résistants à l’amoxicilline, au cotrimoxazole et à l’augmentation. Les isolats présentaient respectivement une sensibilité de 25% (4), 12,5% (2), 18,75% (3), 68,75% (11) à la nitrofurantoïne, à la gentamicine, à l’acide nalidixique et à l’ofloxacine, tandis que 87,5% étaient résistants à la tétracycline. Les souches d’E. Coli et de K. pneumoniae étaient les plus sensibles à l’ofloxacine, tandis que P. mirabilis 4 était sensible à l’ofloxacine. Le S. aureus uropathogène était très résistant aux antibiotiques, cependant S. aureus 3 et S. aureus 4 étaient sensibles à la gentamicine tandis que S. aureus 1 et S. aureus 5 étaient sensibles au chloramphénicol. La gentamicine et le chloramphénicol étaient les plus actifs sur S. aureus. Les extraits ont montré une bonne activité sur la plupart des uropathogènes dans lesquels 81,81% (18), 9,0% (2) et 63,63% (14) des pathogènes testés étaient sensibles aux feuilles, aux tiges et aux racines (successivement) de D. latifolia. Les valeurs de CMI des extraits sur les organismes d’essai variaient de 0,063 à 2,0 mg / mL.
Conclusion: Les résultats ont révélé des schémas variés de sensibilité des uropathogènes aux antibiotiques conventionnels, nécessitant l’utilisation rationnelle de l’antibiotique dans le traitement de routine des infections urinaires pour empêcher le développement d’une résistance. En outre, l’activité des extraits de D. latifolia sur les uropathogènes justifiait son utilisation folklorique et soulignait le potentiel de la plante à fournir des agents antimicrobiens pour le traitement des infections urinaires, y compris celles résistantes aux antibiotiques conventionnels.
Mots clés: Uropathogènes, antibiotiques, résistance, extraits de Dalbergia latifolia, CMI
Correspondence: Dr. P.A Idowu, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Email:igboyega@yahoo.com
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