The Metabolic syndrome and its components in individuals with autoimmune thyroid diseases attending an endocrine Clinic in Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD) are characterized by common abnormalities - abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and elevated triglyceride, and may compound the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of MS in ATD, the association of these diseases, the specific common metabolic abnormalities and the influence of gender were investigated in this study.

Methods: This was a case control study where 230 individuals within the age range of 18 – 70 years, comprising of 130 participants with ATD {Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) (30); Graves’ disease (GD) (100)} attending endocrine clinics of two tertiary hospitals in North Western Nigeria, where conveniently enrolled together with age matched 100 apparently healthy individuals without MS, to serve as controls. Enzymatic methods were used for estimation of glucose and lipids while enzyme immunoassay methods were used for the thyroid hormones and antibodies. Data analysed were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results: ATD was significantly associated with MS (p<0.001). However, the influence of gender on this association was demonstrated in participants with GD only (p < 0.001). 30.8% (40) participants with ATD had MS. The prevalence of MS in participants with HT and GD were 33.3% (10) and 30% (30). Individual MS components; abdominal obesity (80% vs 53%), hypertension (36.7% vs 74%), dysglycemia (16.7% vs 16.0%), hypertriglyceridaemia (23.3% vs 14%) and reduced HDL-C (50% vs 51%) were observed in participants with HT and GD respectively.

Conclusion: The most frequent cluster of MS components in the participants with HT and GD was increased waist circumference (WC), reduced HDL-C and hypertension. Prevalence of MS and its components is high. Metabolic Syndrome is associated with ATD and influenced by gender.

Keywords: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Abdominal Obesity, Gender, Prevalence, Thyroid Diseases

Résumé
Contexte: Le syndrome métabolique (SEP) et les maladies thyroïdiennes auto-immunes (ATD) sont caractérisés par des anomalies communes - obésité abdominale, hyperglycémie, hypertension, et triglycéride élevé, et peuvent aggraver le risque de maladie cardio-vasculaire athérosclérostique. La prévalence de la SP dans la MALADIE, l’association de ces maladies, les anomalies métaboliques communes spécifiques et l’influence du genre ont été étudiées dans cette étude.

Méthodes: Il s’agissait d’une étude de cas où 230 personnes dans la gamme d’âge de 18 à 70 ans, comprenant de 130 participants avec ATD {Hashimoto’ Thyroïdite de s (HT) (30); Graves’ maladie (GD) (100)} fréquentant les cliniques endocriniennes de deux hôpitaux tertiaires dans le nord-ouest du Nigeria, où commodément inscrits avec l’âge correspondait à 100 personnes apparemment en bonne santé sans SP, pour servir de contrôles. Des méthodes enzymatiques ont été employées pour l’estimation du glucose et des lipides tandis que des méthodes d’immunoassay d’enzyme ont été employées pour les hormones thyroïdiennes et les anticorps. Les données analysées ont été jugées
significatives < 0,05 p. 2005.

Résultats: L’ATD a été significativement associé à la SP (p<0,001). Cependant, l’influence du genre sur cette association a été démontrée chez les participants avec GD seulement (p < 0,001). 30,8 % (40) participants atteints de DTS étaient atteints de SP. La prévalence de la SP chez les participants atteints d’HT et de DT était de 33,3 % (10) et de 30 % (30). Composantes individuelles de la SP; obésité abdominale (80 % vs 53 %), hypertension (36,7 % vs 74 %), dysglycémie (16,7 % vs 16,0 %), hypertriglycéridaemia (23,3 % vs 14 %) et réduction du HDL-C (50 % vs 51 %) ont été observés chez les participants ayant respectivement ht et GD.

Conclusion: Le groupe le plus fréquent de composants de SP chez les participants atteints d’HT et de DT a été l’augmentation de la circonférence de la taille (WC), la réduction du HDL-C et de l’hypertension. La prévalence de la SP et de ses composantes est élevée. Le syndrome métabolique est associé à l’ATD et influencé par le sexe.

Mots-clés: Maladies cardiovasculaires athéroclérotiques, Obésité abdominale, Sexe, Prévalence, Maladies thyroïdiennes

Correspondence: Rosemary A. Nwaelugo, Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Email: nwaelugorosemary@gmail.com

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