Povzetek
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a transfusion transmissible viral pathogen known to cause chronic liver diseases associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The disease becomes more aggressive and severe in Hepatitis B, C and D co or tri-infected population which further complicates treatment options. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the burden of HCV and HDV infections among prospective donors tested positive for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) in selected health facilities in Abuja, Nigeria.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 193 (M=99; F=94) consenting HBV infected prospective blood donors, between age range of 18 to 60 years with mean age 31.6 (SD=12.4) years, initially intended to donate blood but were disqualified due to their HBV status in four health facilities in Abuja Nigeria. The demographic and other relevant information were captured using a structured questionnaire anti-HCV, anti-HDV and HBsAg were detected by commercial qualitative ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Results: Overall rates of 5.2% and 5.7% were detected for anti-HCV and anti-HDV among HBV infected cohort respectively. The rates were similar in male (7.1%) for HCV and HDV but higher in male (7.1%) than in female (3.4% and 4.3%) counterparts respectively. Furthermore, the males have 1.5 times higher risk of HCV/HDV with significant association (p=0.0065) than in females (OR=1.47, 95%CI 1.03-2.21) for both infections. The rate (7.7%) for HCV peaked at age group <20 years while anti-HDV rate (10.3%) was highest within the age groups 41-50 years. However, HCV/HDV/HBV tri-infection rate (3.6%) was only found in male age ranged 21-30 years. Among other predisposing risk factors for HCV/HDV/HBV co and tri-infections multiple sexual partnership was significantly associated (p<0.0423; OR=1.19, 95%CI 0.93-1.60) However, no significant association (p=0.059; OR=1.06, 95%CI 1.23-2.11) was found between study participants with HCV/HDV/HBV tri-infection and age/sex.
Conclusion: The study identified that the rate of HCV and HDV co-infection was high while tri-infection was rare among the study population. Therefore, blood screening for HCV and HDV is recommended among individuals with chronic HBV infection.
Keywords: HCV, HDV/HBV co-infection, Tri-infection, Blood donors, ELISA, Abuja, Nigeria
Résumé
Introduction: Le virus de l’hépatite B (VHB) est un agent pathogène viral transmissible par transfusion connu pour provoquer des maladies hépatiques chroniques associées à la cirrhose et au carcinome hépatocellulaire. La maladie devient plus agressive et plus grave chez les co-patients atteints d’hépatite B, C et D ou les trois infections, ce qui complique encore les options de traitement. Par conséquent, cette étude visait à évaluer le fardeau des infections à VHC et à VHD chez les donneurs potentiels testés positifs à l’antigène de surface de l’hépatite B ( AgHBs ) dans des établissements de santé sélectionnés à Abuja, au Nigéria.
Méthodologie: Cette étude transversale a été menée auprès de 193 (M = 99; F = 94) donneurs éventuels de sang infectés par le VHB, âgés de 18 à 60 ans et âgés en moyenne de 31,6 ans (SD = 12,4 ans), initialement destinés à ont donné du sang mais ont été disqualifiés en raison de leur statut au VHB dans quatre centres de santé à Abuja au Nigéria. Les informations démographiques et autres informations pertinentes ont été saisies à l’aide d’un questionnaire structuré anti-VHC, anti-HDV et AgHBs ont été détectées par des kits qualitatifs commercial ELISA, conformément aux instructions du fabricant.
Résultats: Des taux globaux de 5,2% et 5,7% ont été détectés pour les anticorps anti-VHC et anti-VHD dans la cohorte infectée par le VHB, respectivement. Les taux étaient similaires chez les hommes (7,1%) pour le VHC et le VHD, mais plus élevés chez les hommes (7,1%) que chez les femmes (3,4% et 4,3%) respectivement. De plus, les hommes présentent un risque 1,5 fois plus élevé de VHC / VHD avec association significative (p = 0,0065) que les femmes (OR = 1,47, IC 95% 1,03-2,21) pour les deux infections. Le taux (7,7%) pour le VHC a atteint un sommet au groupe d’âge < 20 ans alors que le taux d’anti-VHD (10,3%) était le plus élevé au sein des groupes d’âge 41-50 ans. Cependant, le taux de triinfection par le VHC / VHD / VHB (3,6%) n’a été observé que chez les hommes âgés de 21 à 30 ans. Parmi les autres facteurs de risque prédisposant de co et de tri-infections VHC / VHD / VHB, le partenariat sexuel multiple était associé de manière significative (p <0,0423 ; OR = 1,19 ; IC à 95% 0,93- 1,60). Cependant, aucune association significative (p = 0,059; OR = 1,06 ; IC 95% 1,23-2,11) a été trouvé entre les participants à l’étude atteints de tri-infection VHC / VHD / VHB et leur âge / sexe.
Conclusion: L’étude a révélé que le taux de co-infection par le VHC et le VHD était élevé, alors que l’infection par trois était rare dans la population étudiée. Par conséquent, le dépistage sanguin du VHC et du VHD est recommandé chez les personnes présentant une infection chronique au VHB.
Mots-clés: VHC, co-infection VHD / VHB, tri-infection, donneurs de sang, ELISA, Abuja, Nigeria
Correspondence: Dr. A.S. Bakarey, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Email: drbakarey@yahoo.com
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