Abstrakt
Background: In the past two decades the Nigerian government and religious organisations have put more emphasis on knowing the haemoglobin electrophoresis of school children and intending couples respectively. Knowledge of the distribution of blood groups and haemoglobin electrophoretic patterns among young people is vital for the prevention of haemoglobinopathies in the population and for providing effective blood banking services. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the frequency and awareness of blood group and haemoglobinphenotypes among a new set of fourth year clinical medical and dental students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: Data, including socio-demographics, self-reported blood group and haemoglobin phenotypes, were obtained from 155 students using a self-administered questionnaire. The ABO, Rhesus (Rh) blood groups and haemoglobin electrophoresis were determined by the tile (slide) technique and cellulose acetate at alkaline phrespectively.
Results: Only 43.9% of the participants knew their blood groups while less than a third (29.7%) knew their haemoglobin phenotypes. knowledge of both their blood groups and haemoglobin phenotypes was documented in as low as 20.6% of the respondents. The frequency of haemoglobin AA, AS, AC and CC were 78.0%, 16.8%, 3.9% and 1.3% respectively. Similarly, the distribution of blood groups were: O RhD positive – 47.8%; O RhD negative – 1.9%; A RhD positive – 21.9%; A RhD negative – 1.3%; B RhD positive – 23.2%; B RhD negative -1.3% and AB RhD positive – 2.6%. No participant was AB RhD negative. Participants who had previously donated blood and those who were females were more likely to know their blood groups and haemoglobin phenotypes respectively (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Awareness of blood groups and haemoglobin phenotypes among the medical and dental students was poor. Documentation and routine screening for haemoglobinphenotypes as well as blood grouping, accompanied by appropriate counseling should be institutionalised in Nigeriantertiary institutions.
Keywords: ABO blood group, Rhesus D Phenotype, Haemoglobin electrophoresis, Medical students
Résumé
Contexte: Au cours des deux dernières décennies, les organismes gouvernementaux et religieux nigérians ont mis davantage l'accent sur la connaissance de l'électrophorèse de l'hémoglobine des enfants d'âge scolaire et des couples ayant intentiondu mariage respectivement. La connaissance de la répartition des groupes sanguins et les modèles d'hémoglobine électro-phorétiques chez les jeunes est essentielle pour la prévention des hémoglobinopathies dans la population et pour fournir des services bancaires de sang efficaces. Par conséquent, cette étude a été conçue pour évaluer la fréquence et la prise de conscience du groupe sanguin et des phénotypeshémoglobines au sein d'un nouvel ensemble d'étudiants en quatrième année de licence en médecine et dentaire clinique de l'Université d'Ibadan, Nigeria.
Méthodes: Les données, y compris les sociodémographiques, le groupe sanguin auto-déclarée et les phénotypes de l'hémoglobine, ont été obtenus à partir de 155 élèves à l'aide d'un questionnaire auto-administré. L'ABO, Rhésus (Rh) des groupes sanguins et l'électrophorèse de l'hémoglobine ont été déterminées par la technique du carreau (plaque) et l'acétate de cellulose àph alcalinrespectivement.
Résultats: Seulement 43,9% des participants connaissaient leurs groupes sanguins, tandis que moins d'un tiers (29,7%) connaissaient leurs phénotypes d'hémoglobine. La connaissanceà la fois de leurs groupes sanguins et leurs phénotypes d'hémoglobine a été documentée dans aussi bas que 20,6% des répondants. Les fréquences d'hémoglobine AA, AS, CA et CC étaient respectivement 78,0%, 16,8%, 3,9% et 1,3%. De même, la répartition des groupes sanguins étaient les suivants: O RhD positif - 47,8%; O RhD négatif - 1,9%; ARhD positif - 21,9%; ARhDnégatif - 1,3%; B RhD positif - 23,2%; B RhD négatif de -1,3% et AB RhD positif - 2,6%. Aucun participant n'était AB RhD négatif. Les participants qui avaient auparavant donné du sang et ceux qui étaient des femmes étaient plus susceptibles de connaître leurs groupes sanguins et les phénotypes d'hémoglobine respectivement (p <0,05).
Conclusion: La sensibilisation des groupes sanguins et les phénotypes d'hémoglobine chez les étudiants en médecine et dentaire était pauvre. La documentation et le dépistage systématique pour les phénotypes d'hémoglobines ainsi que le groupage sanguin, accompagné de conseils appropriés devraient être institutionnalisées dans les institutions tertiairesNigérianes.
Mots-clés: Groupesanguin ABO, Phénotype rhésus D, Electrophorèse Hémoglobine, Etudiants en medicine
Correspondence: Dr. O.O. Akinyemi, Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: seunakinyemi@hotmail.com
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