Absztrakt
The immuno-haematological safety of blood remains an important and recurring issue in blood transfusion practice. Data concerning morbidity and mortality from blood transfusion is sparse in Nigeria however and while the current efforts at reduction in the incidence of adverse consequence of blood transfusion is encapsulated in the concept of Haemovigilance, the Nigerian blood transfusion service is yet to institute the practice. A prospective study of 462 transfusions at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital was done to evaluate the incidence and pattern of transfusion reactions in the hospital. The overall incidence of transfusion reactions is 8.7% (40 cases), with febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) constituting 65% of these. The incidence of adverse reaction is significantly related to a positive history of previous transfusion (p=0.0039). Efforts must be sustained at evolving a system to minimize the incidence and consequences. The development of a haemovigilance system in which data regarding all transfusions carried out in Nigerian hospitals is collated and analyzed is necessary. The advent of the National Blood Transfusion Service (N.B.T.S) in Nigeria with Zonal centres in the six geopolitical zones of the country offers an opportunity for setting up a national haemovigilance programme.
Keywords: Transfusion reactions; haemovigilance.
Résumé
La sécurité immuno-hématologiques du sang demeure un issu important et courant en transfusion sanguine. Les données concernant la morbidité et la mortalité due a la transfusion sanguine sont rare au Nigeria alors que les efforts courant de réduire l’incident des effets indésirables sont incorporée dans le concept d’hemovigilence, le service national de transfusion sanguine au Nigeria n’a pas encore institue cette pratique. Cette étude prospective sur 426 cas de transfusion au centre universitaire hospitalier Obafemi Awolowo était faite pour évaluer l’incidence et la fréquence de réaction transfusionaire a l’hôpital. L’incidence totale des réactions était de 8.7%(40 cases), avec des réaction transfusionaire nonhémolytique d’état fébrile de 65 % . L’incidence des réactions indésirables est significativement lie a l’histoire d’allergie des transfusions précédentes (p=0.0039). Les efforts doivent être soutenus en déploiement au système pour minimiser l’incidence et les conséquences. Le développement du système hemovigilance afin de collecter et d’analyser tous les cas de transfusion dans les hôpitaux nigérian est nécessaire. L’installation dans les zones centrale dans les six zones géo politique d’unité du service national de la transfusion sanguine, offre une immense opportunité pour le programme d’hemovigilence.
Correspondence: Dr. O.P. Arewa, Department of Haematology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Hivatkozások
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