Mirizzi syndrome: Report of a case and the challenge of management in our environment.

Abstract

Background: Mirizzi Syndrome is a rare complication of cholelithiasis reported to occur in 1% of all patients with gall stones and an incidence of 0.7-1.4% in all cholecystectomies. It is characterized by an impaction of a large calculus in the Hartman’s pouch of the gall bladder (GB) or in the cystic duct, causing an extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic duct. This can, with time, result in varying degrees of fistula formation between the duct and the GB. Types I, IIa, b and c have been described depending on the circumference of the duct involved in the cholecysto-choledochal fistula. This syndrome presents clinically as surgical jaundice. The pre-operative diagnosis is difficult as well as the surgical management of the type II subtypes. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to this clinico-pathological entity as it occurs with the same frequency in our environment as in the environment with high incidence of cholelithiasis.

Method: We report a case in our practice (Mirizzi Type IIa) and discuss the difficulties encountered in preoperative diagnosis and subsequent management. The literature is also reviewed

Results: The diagnosis of Type IIa Syndrome was made on the operating table. The on-table cholangiogram was inconclusive. A choledochoplasty was performed over a T-tube and this was removed after 12 weeks. Patient has done well thereafter.

Conclusion: The local surgeon is advised to have a high index of suspicion about this condition so as not to be caught unawares.

Keywords: Mirizzi syndrome, pre-operative diagnosis, operative management.

Résumé
Introduction: Le syndrome de Mirizzi est une rare complication de la cholelithiasie chez 1% des patients ayant des calculs biliaires et une incidence de 0.7-1.4% chez toutes les cholécystectomies. Elle est caractérisée par une concentration de larges calculs dans la poche d’Hartman de la vésicule biliaire ou de la voie cystique, causant une obstruction extrinsèque de la voie hépatique commune.

Méthodologie: En fonction du temps, ceci peux résulter a différent dégrée de formation de fistules entre les voies et la vésicule biliaire. Les types I, II a, b et c ont été décrit dépendamment de la circonférence des voies impliquées dans la fistule cholécysto-choledochale. Ce syndrome se présente comme la jaunisse chirurgicale. Le diagnostic pré-opérative est aussi difficile que le soin chirurgical des sous types de types II. Le but de cet article est de tirer l’attention sur cette entité clinico-pathologique vu sa fréquence d’apparition dans notre environnement avec une incidence élevée de cholelithiasie

Résultats: Nous rapportons un cas dans notre pratique de Mirizzi type IIa et discutons les difficultés rencontrées dans le diagnostic pré-opérative et les soins. La littérature est aussi revue. Les résultats du diagnostic de ce syndrome de type IIa ont été faite dans la salle d‘opération et le cholangiogramme était nonconcluant. La choledochoplastie était faite par le tube en T et a été enlevé après 12 semaines et l’individu regagnant sa santé parfaite.

Conclusion: Le chirurgien local a conseillé ‘avoir un indexe de suspicion et attention élevées par rapport à cette condition.

Correspondence: Dr. O.O. Akute, Department of Surgery, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Email: papakute@yahoo.co.uk

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