Abstract
Background: HIV infection results in a decline of CD4+ T-cells count and ultimately results in qualitative impairments of CD4+ T-cell function. Antiretroviral therapy results in an increase in the number of CD4+ cells and the functional reconstitution of the immune system. However, patients on therapy commonly experience adverse effects; management of HIV infection thus becomes a balancing act between the benefits of HIV suppression and the risks of drug toxicity with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART).
Purpose and Findings: This review intended to look into the relationship between adverse effects with HAART in relation to its induction of oxidative stress in the host. From literature, HAART has been shown to induce oxidative stress by several biochemical mechanisms. However, the induction of oxidative stress by HAART is minimal compared to HIV induction of oxidative stress in the host. The use of HAART in the management of HIV-AIDS thus remains inevitable and the combination with exogenous antioxidants is advocated. Exogenous antioxidants mop up infection induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and may also be beneficial in ameliorating some of the adverse effects induced by HAART.
Conclusion: Further review on individual adverse effects of ART is recommended and our ongoing research on the teratogenic potentials of HAART will also be very relevant on this subject.
Keywords: HIV, ART, HAART, Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants
Résumé
Contexte: L’infection par le VIH résulteen une baisse du nombre des cellules CD4 +T et aboutit finalement à une déficience qualitative de la fonction des cellules CD4 +T. La thérapie antirétroviralerésulteen une augmentation du nombre de cellules CD4 + et à la reconstitution fonctionnelle du système immunitaire. Cependant, les patients sous traitement éprouvent souvent des effets indésirables; la gestion de l’infection par le VIH devient ainsi un équilibre entre les avantages de la suppression du VIH et les risques de toxicité médicamenteuse avec la thérapie antirétrovirale hautement active (HAART).
Objet et découverte: Cetterevue vise à examiner la relation entre les effets indésirables avec HAART par rapport à son induction du stress oxydatif dans l’hôte. À partir de la littérature, HAART a été montré pour induire un stress oxydatif par plusieurs mécanismes biochimiques. Cependant, l’induction du stress oxydatif par HAART est minime par rapport à l’induction du stress oxydatif parle VIH dans l’hôte. L’emploi de HAART dans la gestion du VIH-SIDA demeure donc inévitable et la combinaison avec des antioxydants exogènes est préconisée. Les antioxydants exogènes éliminent l’infection induite des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS), et peuvent également être avantageux dans l’amélioration de certains des effets indésirables induits par HAART.
Conclusion: Unerevueplus ample sur les effets indésirables individuels d’ART est recommandée et notre recherche en cours sur les potentiels tératogènes de HAART seront également très pertinentes sur ce sujet.
Mots-clés: VIH, ART, HAART, Espèces réactives de l’oxygène, Antioxydants
Correspoondence : Mr. T.D. Popoola, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: dayopope@gmail.com; awodeleo@gmail.com
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